JULIMINATION

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NANOBOTS & CHEMO-/GENE-THERAPY ARE ON THE RISE

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Facile Fabrication of Magnetic Microrobots Based on SpirulinaTemplates for Targeted Delivery and Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Therapy

Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 5, 4745–4756

Publication Date: January 14, 2019

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b15586

  • Xu Wang, Jun Cai*, Lili Sun, Shuo Zhang, De Gong, Xinghao Li, Shuhua Yue, Lin Feng, and Deyuan Zhang

Magnetic microrobots can be actuated in fuel-free conditions and are envisioned for biomedical applications related to targeted delivery and therapy in a minimally invasive manner. However, mass fabrication of microrobots with precise propulsion performance and excellent therapeutic efficacy is still challenging, especially in a predictable and controllable manner. Herein, we propose a facile technique for mass production of magnetic microrobots with multiple functions using Spirulina (Sp.) as biotemplate. Core–shell-structured Pd@Au nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in Sp. cells by electroless deposition, working as photothermal conversion agents. Subsequently, the Fe3O4 NPs were deposited onto the surface of the obtained (Pd@Au)@Sp.particles via a sol–gel process, enabling them to be magnetically actuated. Moreover, the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded on the (Pd@Au)/Fe3O4@Sp. microrobots, which endows them with additional chemotherapeutic efficacy. The as-prepared biohybrid (Pd@Au)/Fe3O4@Sp.-DOX microrobots not only possess efficient propulsion performance with the highest speed of 526.2 μm/s under a rotating magnetic field but also have enhanced synergistic chemo-photothermal therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, they can be structurally disassembled into individual particles under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation and exhibit pH- and NIR-triggered drug release. These intriguing properties enable the microrobots to be a very promising and efficient platform for drug loading, targeted delivery, and chemo-photothermal therapy.

Bubble-Based Microrobots with Rapid Circular Motions for Epithelial Pinning and Drug Delivery

Jin Gyun Lee et al. Small. 2023 Aug.Show details   Abstract    PubMed    PMID  Full text linksCite

Abstract

Remotely powered microrobots are proposed as next-generation vehicles for drug delivery. However, most microrobots swim with linear trajectories and lack the capacity to robustly adhere to soft tissues. This limits their ability to navigate complex biological environments and sustainably release drugs at target sites. In this work, bubble-based microrobots with complex geometries are shown to efficiently swim with non-linear trajectories in a mouse bladder, robustly pin to the epithelium, and slowly release therapeutic drugs. The asymmetric fins on the exterior bodies of the microrobots induce a rapid rotational component to their swimming motions of up to ≈150 body lengths per second. Due to their fast speeds and sharp fins, the microrobots can mechanically pin themselves to the bladder epithelium and endure shear stresses commensurate with urination. Dexamethasone, a small molecule drug used for inflammatory diseases, is encapsulated within the polymeric bodies of the microrobots. The sustained release of the drug is shown to temper inflammation in a manner that surpasses the performance of free drug controls. This system provides a potential strategy to use microrobots to efficiently navigate large volumes, pin at soft tissue boundaries, and release drugs over several days for a range of diseases.

Keywords: acoustic field; drug delivery; microrobots; self-propelling particles.

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